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Biology MCQs focused on Genetic Basis of Inheritance useful for MHT-CET and NEET

Biology is important topic for MHT CET in PCB group. Pharmacy colleges in Maharashtra take admissions based on HSC and MHT CET score.

Here are 20 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) focused on the Genetic Basis of Inheritance, tailored for students preparing for the Biology MHT CET exam:

1. Which scientist is known as the father of genetics?
   A) Charles Darwin
   B) Gregor Mendel
   C) Watson and Crick
   D) Rosalind Franklin
   

2. What is the phenotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (Tt x Tt)?
   A) 3:1
   B) 1:2:1
   C) 9:3:3:1
   D) 1:1
   

3. Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait?
   A) Hemophilia
   B) Cystic fibrosis
   C) Sickle cell anemia
   D) Huntington's disease
   

4. In a dihybrid cross of two heterozygous pea plants (RrYy x RrYy),
   what is the expected phenotypic ratio?
   A) 3:1
   B) 9:3:3:1
   C) 1:2:1
   D) 1:1:1:1
   

5. Which term describes alleles that are both fully expressed in a heterozygote?
   A) Codominance
   B) Incomplete dominance
   C) Complete dominance
   D) Recessiveness
   

6. Which nucleotide pair bonds would you expect to find in a DNA molecule?
   A) Adenine with Guanine
   B) Cytosine with Adenine
   C) Thymine with Adenine
   D) Guanine with Thymine
   

7. What does the law of independent assortment state?
   A) Alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation.
   B) The traits of an organism are determined by genes that segregate independently during meiosis.
   C) Each allele segregates into gametes independently.
   D) Dominant traits mask the presence of recessive traits.
   

8. Which process creates genetic variation during meiosis?
   A) Cytokinesis
   B) Mitosis
   C) Crossing over
   D) DNA replication
   

9. Which term refers to an organism's genetic makeup?
   A) Phenotype
   B) Genotype
   C) Karyotype
   D) Biotype
   

10. What is a test cross used to determine?
    A) The phenotype of an organism
    B) Whether an organism exhibiting a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous
    C) The exact sequence of DNA
    D) The possible combinations of alleles
    

11. Which individual is responsible for discovering the structure of the DNA double helix?
    A) Charles Darwin
    B) Watson and Crick
    C) Gregor Mendel
    D) Thomas Hunt Morgan
    

12. What is the result of a mutation in the DNA sequence?
    A) Improved DNA replication efficiency
    B) No change in phenotype
    C) Possible changes in the protein coded by the gene
    D) Decreased genetic variation
    

13. Which concept is demonstrated when a red-flowered plant and a white-flowered plant produce pink flowers?
    A) Codominance
    B) Incomplete dominance
    C) Complete dominance
    D) Multiple alleles
    

14. What is meant by polygenic inheritance?
    A) A trait controlled by a single gene
    B) A trait controlled by multiple genes
    C) A trait not influenced by genes
    D) A trait influenced only by environmental factors
    

15. Mendel's second law of inheritance is known as:
    A) Law of Segregation
    B) Law of Independent Assortment
    C) Law of Dominance
    D) Law of Accumulation
    

16. Which of the following best describes the concept of multiple alleles?
    A) Multiple traits are affected by a single allele.
    B) A single trait is affected by two alleles.
    C) A single trait is controlled by more than two alleles.
    D) Two different traits are controlled by two alleles.
    

17. Human blood types are an example of which type of inheritance?
    A) Incomplete dominance
    B) Codominance
    C) Single allele inheritance
    D) Sex-linked inheritance
    

18. In humans, the ABO blood group system is determined by a gene with how many alleles?
    A) Two
    B) Three
    C) Four
    D) One
    

19. If a person has type AB blood, which of the following statements is true regarding their alleles?
    A) They have two A alleles.
    B) They have one A allele and one B allele.
    C) They have two B alleles.
    D) They have one B allele and one O allele.
    

20. What possible blood types can the children of a couple where one parent is type A (AO) and the other parent is type B (BO) have?
    A) A, B
    B) A, B, AB, O
    C) A, AB
    D) B, O
    

These questions cover a broad spectrum of topics within genetics that are essential for understanding the principles of inheritance, and they are designed to prepare students for the type of questions they might encounter in the MHT CET biology exam.

Answers to 20 Biology MCQs on topic of Genetic Basis of Inheritance are as given below.

1. B) Gregor Mendel
2. A) 3:1
3. A) Hemophilia
4. B) 9:3:3:1
5. A) Codominance
6. C) Thymine with Adenine
7. A) Alleles of different genes separate independently of one another during gamete formation.
8. C) Crossing over
9. B) Genotype
10. B) Whether an organism exhibiting a dominant trait is homozygous or heterozygous
11. B) Watson and Crick
12. C) Possible changes in the protein coded by the gene
13. B) Incomplete dominance
14. B) A trait controlled by multiple genes
15. B) Law of Independent Assortment
16. C) A single trait is controlled by more than two alleles.
17. B) Codominance
18. B) Three
19. B) They have one A allele and one B allele.
20. B) A, B, AB, O

Keep reading and visiting gopract.com for more such MCQ on Biology for MHT-CET and NEET exams.